Geschichten statt Geschichte. : Dieter Fortes erzählerische Aufarbeitung des Bombenkrieges im Kontext der Sebald-Debatte

Nachdem der Autor und Germanist W.G. Sebald Ende der Neunzigerjahre eine öffentliche Debatte bezüglich des Luftkriegs in der deutschen Literatur angeregt hatte, ist der II. Weltkrieg zu einem der beherrschenden Themen in der deutschen Gegenwartsliteratur geworden. Doch schon vorher hatte der Autor D. Forte in einer knapp neunhundertseitigen Romantrilogie gezeigt, welche fundamentale Rolle dem schriftlichen und mündlichen Erzählen über die Vergangenheit zukommt. Der Artikel versucht, anhand dieses Autors die Bedeutung des Erinnerns und des Erzählens und damit auch der Literatur sowohl für individuelle Identitätskonstruktionen, als auch für das kollektive Geschichtsbewusstein herauszuarbeitenAfter the author and germanist W.G. Sebald had inspired, by the end of last century nineties, a public discussion about the bombing warfare in the German literature, the Second World War has become one of the dominating themes in German present-day literature. But much earlier, the author D. Forte had already shown, in a nearly nine hundred pages novelistic trilogy, the fundamental importance of written and oral narrations about the past. Based on this author, the article tries to work out the importance of memory and narration and thus, also of literature as well for individual identity construction, as for collective historical consciousnessDespués de que, a finales de los años noventa, el autor y germanista W.G.Sebald hubiera provocado una discusión pública sobre los bombardeos de las ciudades en la literatura alemana, la Segunda Guerra Mundial ha llegado a convertirse en uno de los temas dominantes de la literatura alemana contemporánea. Pero con anterioridad, el autor D.Forte ya había mostrado en su trilogía novelesca de casi novecientas páginas el papel fundamental que tiene la narración oral y escrita del pasado. El artículo intenta estudiar, basándose en este autor, la importancia de la memoria y la narración y con ello también de la literatura tanto para la construcción de la identidad individual como para la conciencia histórica colectiv

¿Qué enseñamos cuando impartimos clases de lengua extranjera?

Este artículo analiza la cuestión de qué significa enseñar una lengua extranjera, planteando un recorrido por la historia de la filosofía del lenguaje y la lingüística en sus relaciones con una L2. La lengua materna determina nuestro acceso al mundo, fenómeno que no puede dejar de tenerse en cuenta en un tiempo que parece haber apostado por el inglés como lengua franca para el acceso a las ciencias y otras disciplinas. El texto recoge diferentes ejemplos de esta hipótesis para apostar por el multilingüismo desde el que el ser humano accede a la realidad y valorarlo como riqueza que jamás debe olvidarse en la enseñanza de la L2.This article analyses what teaching a foreign language means, and it sets out a tour through the history of language's philosophy and linguistics in their connections with a second language. Mother tongue determines our access to the world, a phenomenon that cannot be forgotten in a time that seems to have bet on English as a lingua franca for the access to sciences and other disciplines. The text collects different examples of this hypothesis to bet on the multilingualism from which human beings access to the reality and value it as a source of wealth that should never be forgotten when teaching a second language

Contextual planning for NASA - A second workbook of alternative future environments for mission analysis, volume 1 Interim report

Contextural planning for selecting alternate NASA program

The Big Dam on the Little San Diego

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Efficient CRISPR-rAAV engineering of endogenous genes to study protein function by allele-specific RNAi.

Gene knockout strategies, RNAi and rescue experiments are all employed to study mammalian gene function. However, the disadvantages of these approaches include: loss of function adaptation, reduced viability and gene overexpression that rarely matches endogenous levels. Here, we developed an endogenous gene knockdown/rescue strategy that combines RNAi selectivity with a highly efficient CRISPR directed recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus (rAAV) mediated gene targeting approach to introduce allele-specific mutations plus an allele-selective siRNA Sensitive (siSN) site that allows for studying gene mutations while maintaining endogenous expression and regulation of the gene of interest. CRISPR/Cas9 plus rAAV targeted gene-replacement and introduction of allele-specific RNAi sensitivity mutations in the CDK2 and CDK1 genes resulted in a >85% site-specific recombination of Neo-resistant clones versus ∼8% for rAAV alone. RNAi knockdown of wild type (WT) Cdk2 with siWT in heterozygotic knockin cells resulted in the mutant Cdk2 phenotype cell cycle arrest, whereas allele specific knockdown of mutant CDK2 with siSN resulted in a wild type phenotype. Together, these observations demonstrate the ability of CRISPR plus rAAV to efficiently recombine a genomic locus and tag it with a selective siRNA sequence that allows for allele-selective phenotypic assays of the gene of interest while it remains expressed and regulated under endogenous control mechanisms

Vibrational relaxation times in some hydrocarbons in the range 300–900°K

Vibrational relaxation times were determined in methane, ethylene, acetylene, and cyclopropane in the temperature range 300–900°K. The experiments were performed by measuring the absorption and dispersion of ultrasonic waves passing through the vapor. For all four vapors, the vibrational relaxation time τν (sec) was found to vary with temperature T(°K) according to the relationship log10(τν P) = aT−1∕3 − b, where P is the pressure (atm) and a and b are constants. The results of the present measurements were also found to be in good agreement with existing data.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/71108/2/JCPSA6-59-12-6556-1.pd

Site Selective Antibody-Oligonucleotide Conjugation via Microbial Transglutaminase.

Nucleic Acid Therapeutics (NATs), including siRNAs and AntiSense Oligonucleotides (ASOs), have great potential to drug the undruggable genome. Targeting siRNAs and ASOs to specific cell types of interest has driven dramatic improvement in efficacy and reduction in toxicity. Indeed, conjugation of tris-GalNAc to siRNAs and ASOs has shown clinical efficacy in targeting diseases driven by liver hepatocytes. However, targeting non-hepatic diseases with oligonucleotide therapeutics has remained problematic for several reasons, including targeting specific cell types and endosomal escape. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting of siRNAs and ASOs has the potential to deliver these drugs to a variety of specific cell and tissue types. However, most conjugation strategies rely on random chemical conjugation through lysine or cysteine residues resulting in conjugate heterogeneity and a distribution of Drug:Antibody Ratios (DAR). To produce homogeneous DAR-2 conjugates with two siRNAs per mAb, we developed a novel two-step conjugation procedure involving microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) tagging of the antibody C-terminus with an azide-functionalized linker peptide that can be subsequently conjugated to dibenzylcyclooctyne (DBCO) bearing oligonucleotides through azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Antibody-siRNA (and ASO) conjugates (ARCs) produced using this strategy are soluble, chemically defined targeted oligonucleotide therapeutics that have the potential to greatly increase the number of targetable cell types